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|a Acidification of Earth |h [electronic resource] |b an Assessment across Mechanisms and scales |y English. |
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|a [S.l.] : |b Elsevier, |c 2011. |
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|a Applied Geochemistry |b Journal of the International Association of Geochemistry. |
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|a Please contact the owning institution for licensing and permissions. It is the user's responsibility to ensure use does not violate any third party rights. |
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|a In this review article, anthropogenic activities that cause acidification of Earth’s air, waters, and
soils are examined. Although there are many mechanisms of acidification, the focus is on the major
ones, including emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and smelting of ores, mining of coal and
metal ores, and application of nitrogen fertilizer to soils, by elucidating the underlying
biogeochemical reactions as well as assessing the magnitude of the effects. These widespread
activities have resulted in (1) increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere that acidifies the
oceans; (2) acidic atmospheric deposition that acidifies soils and bodies of freshwater; (3) acid mine
drainage that acidifies bodies of freshwater and groundwaters; and (4) nitrification that acidifies
soils. Although natural geochemical reactions of mineral weathering and ion exchange work to
buffer acidification, the slow reaction rates or the limited abundance of reactant phases are
overwhelmed by the onslaught of anthropogenic acid loading. Relatively recent modifications of
resource extraction and usage in some regions of the world have begun to ameliorate local
acidification, but expanding use of resources in other regions is causing environmental acidification
in previously unnoticed places. World maps of coal consumption, Cu mining and smelting, and N
fertilizer application are presented to demonstrate the complex spatial heterogeneity of resource
consumption as well as the overlap in acidifying potential derived from distinctly different
phenomena. Projected population increase by country over the next 4 decades indicates areas with
the highest potential for acidification, so enabling anticipation and planning to offset or mitigate the
deleterious environmental effects associated with these global shifts in the consumption of energy,
mineral, and food resources. |
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|a Electronic reproduction. |c Florida International University, |d 2015. |f (dpSobek) |n Mode of access: World Wide Web. |n System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software. |
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|a dpSobek |c Sea Level Rise |
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|u http://dpanther.fiu.edu/dpService/dpPurlService/purl/FI15050350/00001 |y Click here for full text |
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|a http://dpanther.fiu.edu/sobek/content/FI/15/05/03/50/00001/Rice_Herman_2012_Acidification of Earththm.jpg |
